können
can, to be able to (ability) · can, may (permission) · could, might (possibility)
können means 'can' or 'to be able to'. It expresses ability, possibility, or permission. It is a modal verb, so it is usually used with another verb in the infinitive.
What können means
- can, to be able to (ability) — when talking about skills or capabilities
- can, may (permission) — when asking for or giving permission
- could, might (possibility) — when expressing that something is possible or likely
Heard in real German videos
Lines where können was actually spoken, from German videos watched with DeutschChat.
- Hier kann man jede Menge Spaß haben.Here you can have lots of fun.
- Kann ich die Königin haben?Can I have the queen?
Example sentences
- Ich kann gut schwimmen.I can swim well.
- Kannst du mir helfen?Can you help me?
- Das kann sein.That could be.
- Wir können morgen kommen.We can come tomorrow.
Grammar
| Present (ich/du/er) | kann / kannst / kann |
|---|---|
| Simple past | konnte |
| Perfect | hat gekonnt (or hat ... können with infinitive) |
| Separable | no |
| Case | takes infinitive (no zu) |
As a modal verb, können is used with an infinitive at the end of the clause: 'Ich kann schwimmen.' In the perfect tense, it often appears as a double infinitive: 'Ich habe schwimmen können.'
Common phrases
- kann seincould be, maybe
- nicht könnento not be able to, cannot
- können Sie mir sagen...?can you tell me...?
The mistake English speakers make
English speakers often add 'zu' before the infinitive with modal verbs, e.g., '*Ich kann zu schwimmen' instead of 'Ich kann schwimmen'.
Don’t confuse it with
Questions learners ask
What is the difference between können and dürfen?
Können means 'can' in the sense of ability or possibility, while dürfen means 'may' or 'to be allowed to'. In informal speech, Germans often use können to ask for permission, but in formal contexts, dürfen is more correct.
How do you conjugate können in the present tense?
ich kann, du kannst, er/sie/es kann, wir können, ihr könnt, sie/Sie können.
What is the past tense of können?
The simple past is konnte (ich konnte, du konntest, etc.). The perfect is 'hat gekonnt' or, with another verb, 'hat ... können', e.g., 'Ich habe schwimmen können.'